NLR buffers are usually quite large (use lots of C stack) and expensive to
push and pop. Some of the time they are only needed to perform clean up if
an exception happens, and then they re-raise the exception.
This commit allows optimizing that scenario by introducing a linked-list of
NLR callbacks that are called automatically when an exception is raised.
They are essentially a light-weight NLR handler that can implement a
"finally" block, i.e. clean-up when an exception is raised, or (by passing
`true` to nlr_pop_jump_callback) when execution leaves the scope.
Signed-off-by: Damien George <damien@micropython.org>
This is intended to be used by the very outer caller of the VM/runtime. It
allows setting a top-level NLR handler that can be jumped to directly, in
order to forcefully abort the VM/runtime.
Enable using:
#define MICROPY_ENABLE_VM_ABORT (1)
Set up the handler at the top level using:
nlr_buf_t nlr;
nlr.ret_val = NULL;
if (nlr_push(&nlr) == 0) {
nlr_set_abort(&nlr);
// call into the VM/runtime
...
nlr_pop();
} else {
if (nlr.ret_val == NULL) {
// handle abort
...
} else {
// handle other exception that propagated to the top level
...
}
}
nlr_set_abort(NULL);
Schedule an abort, eg from an interrupt handler, using:
mp_sched_vm_abort();
Signed-off-by: Damien George <damien@micropython.org>
This can be tested using ports/minimal and qemu:
make CC=mips-linux-gnu-gcc-8
Then run with qemu-mips:
stty raw opost -echo;
QEMU_LD_PREFIX=/usr/mips-linux-gnu/ qemu-mips build/firmware.elf;
sleep 1; reset
Signed-off-by: Jan Willeke <willeke@smartmote.de>
This string is recognised by uncrustify, to disable formatting in the
region marked by these comments. This is necessary in the qstrdef*.h files
to prevent modification of the strings within the Q(...). In other places
it is used to prevent excessive reformatting that would make the code less
readable.
These s16-s21 registers are used by gcc so need to be saved. Future
versions of gcc (beyond v9.1.0), or other compilers, may eventually need
additional registers saved/restored.
See issue #4844.
The number of registers used should be 10, not 12, to match the assembly
code in nlrx64.c. With this change the 64bit mingw builds don't need to
use the setjmp implementation, and this fixes miscellaneous crashes and
assertion failures as reported in #1751 for instance.
To avoid mistakes in the future where something gcc-related for Windows
only gets fixed for one particular compiler/environment combination,
make use of a MICROPY_NLR_OS_WINDOWS macro.
To make sure everything nlr-related is now ok when built with gcc this
has been verified with:
- unix port built with gcc on Cygwin (i686-pc-cygwin-gcc and
x86_64-pc-cygwin-gcc, version 6.4.0)
- windows port built with mingw-w64's gcc from Cygwin
(i686-w64-mingw32-gcc and x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc, version 6.4.0)
and MSYS2 (like the ones on Cygwin but version 7.2.0)
Each NLR implementation (Thumb, x86, x64, xtensa, setjmp) duplicates a lot
of the NLR code, specifically that dealing with pushing and popping the NLR
pointer to maintain the linked-list of NLR buffers. This patch factors all
of that code out of the specific implementations into generic functions in
nlr.c, along with a helper macro in nlr.h. This eliminates duplicated
code.
If MICROPY_NLR_SETJMP is not enabled and the machine is auto-detected then
nlr.h now defines some convenience macros for the individual NLR
implementations to use (eg MICROPY_NLR_THUMB). This keeps nlr.h and the
implementation in sync, and also makes the nlr_buf_t struct easier to read.
This reverts commit 6a3a742a6c.
The above commit has number of faults starting from the motivation down
to the actual implementation.
1. Faulty implementation.
The original code contained functions like:
NORETURN void nlr_jump(void *val) {
nlr_buf_t **top_ptr = &MP_STATE_THREAD(nlr_top);
nlr_buf_t *top = *top_ptr;
...
__asm volatile (
"mov %0, %%edx \n" // %edx points to nlr_buf
"mov 28(%%edx), %%esi \n" // load saved %esi
"mov 24(%%edx), %%edi \n" // load saved %edi
"mov 20(%%edx), %%ebx \n" // load saved %ebx
"mov 16(%%edx), %%esp \n" // load saved %esp
"mov 12(%%edx), %%ebp \n" // load saved %ebp
"mov 8(%%edx), %%eax \n" // load saved %eip
"mov %%eax, (%%esp) \n" // store saved %eip to stack
"xor %%eax, %%eax \n" // clear return register
"inc %%al \n" // increase to make 1, non-local return
"ret \n" // return
: // output operands
: "r"(top) // input operands
: // clobbered registers
);
}
Which clearly stated that C-level variable should be a parameter of the
assembly, whcih then moved it into correct register.
Whereas now it's:
NORETURN void nlr_jump_tail(nlr_buf_t *top) {
(void)top;
__asm volatile (
"mov 28(%edx), %esi \n" // load saved %esi
"mov 24(%edx), %edi \n" // load saved %edi
"mov 20(%edx), %ebx \n" // load saved %ebx
"mov 16(%edx), %esp \n" // load saved %esp
"mov 12(%edx), %ebp \n" // load saved %ebp
"mov 8(%edx), %eax \n" // load saved %eip
"mov %eax, (%esp) \n" // store saved %eip to stack
"xor %eax, %eax \n" // clear return register
"inc %al \n" // increase to make 1, non-local return
"ret \n" // return
);
for (;;); // needed to silence compiler warning
}
Which just tries to perform operations on a completely random register (edx
in this case). The outcome is the expected: saving the pure random luck of
the compiler putting the right value in the random register above, there's
a crash.
2. Non-critical assessment.
The original commit message says "There is a small overhead introduced
(typically 1 machine instruction)". That machine instruction is a call
if a compiler doesn't perform tail optimization (happens regularly), and
it's 1 instruction only with the broken code shown above, fixing it
requires adding more. With inefficiencies already presented in the NLR
code, the overhead becomes "considerable" (several times more than 1%),
not "small".
The commit message also says "This eliminates duplicated code.". An
obvious way to eliminate duplication would be to factor out common code
to macros, not introduce overhead and breakage like above.
3. Faulty motivation.
All this started with a report of warnings/errors happening for a niche
compiler. It could have been solved in one the direct ways: a) fixing it
just for affected compiler(s); b) rewriting it in proper assembly (like
it was before BTW); c) by not doing anything at all, MICROPY_NLR_SETJMP
exists exactly to address minor-impact cases like thar (where a) or b) are
not applicable). Instead, a backwards "solution" was put forward, leading
to all the issues above.
The best action thus appears to be revert and rework, not trying to work
around what went haywire in the first place.
Each NLR implementation (Thumb, x86, x64, xtensa, setjmp) duplicates a lot
of the NLR code, specifically that dealing with pushing and popping the NLR
pointer to maintain the linked-list of NLR buffers. This patch factors all
of that code out of the specific implementations into generic functions in
nlr.c. This eliminates duplicated code.
The factoring also allows to make the machine-specific NLR code pure
assembler code, thus allowing nlrthumb.c to use naked function attributes
in the correct way (naked functions can only have basic inline assembler
code in them).
There is a small overhead introduced (typically 1 machine instruction)
because now the generic nlr_jump() must call nlr_jump_tail() rather than
them being one combined function.
This patch introduces the MICROPY_ENABLE_PYSTACK option (disabled by
default) which enables a "Python stack" that allows to allocate and free
memory in a scoped, or Last-In-First-Out (LIFO) way, similar to alloca().
A new memory allocation API is introduced along with this Py-stack. It
includes both "local" and "nonlocal" LIFO allocation. Local allocation is
intended to be equivalent to using alloca(), whereby the same function must
free the memory. Nonlocal allocation is where another function may free
the memory, so long as it's still LIFO.
Follow-up patches will convert all uses of alloca() and VLA to the new
scoped allocation API. The old behaviour (using alloca()) will still be
available, but when MICROPY_ENABLE_PYSTACK is enabled then alloca() is no
longer required or used.
The benefits of enabling this option are (or will be once subsequent
patches are made to convert alloca()/VLA):
- Toolchains without alloca() can use this feature to obtain correct and
efficient scoped memory allocation (compared to using the heap instead
of alloca(), which is slower).
- Even if alloca() is available, enabling the Py-stack gives slightly more
efficient use of stack space when calling nested Python functions, due to
the way that compilers implement alloca().
- Enabling the Py-stack with the stackless mode allows for even more
efficient stack usage, as well as retaining high performance (because the
heap is no longer used to build and destroy stackless code states).
- With Py-stack and stackless enabled, Python-calling-Python is no longer
recursive in the C mp_execute_bytecode function.
The micropython.pystack_use() function is included to measure usage of the
Python stack.
The code conventions suggest using header guards, but do not define how
those should look like and instead point to existing files. However, not
all existing files follow the same scheme, sometimes omitting header guards
altogether, sometimes using non-standard names, making it easy to
accidentally pick a "wrong" example.
This commit ensures that all header files of the MicroPython project (that
were not simply copied from somewhere else) follow the same pattern, that
was already present in the majority of files, especially in the py folder.
The rules are as follows.
Naming convention:
* start with the words MICROPY_INCLUDED
* contain the full path to the file
* replace special characters with _
In addition, there are no empty lines before #ifndef, between #ifndef and
one empty line before #endif. #endif is followed by a comment containing
the name of the guard macro.
py/grammar.h cannot use header guards by design, since it has to be
included multiple times in a single C file. Several other files also do not
need header guards as they are only used internally and guaranteed to be
included only once:
* MICROPY_MPHALPORT_H
* mpconfigboard.h
* mpconfigport.h
* mpthreadport.h
* pin_defs_*.h
* qstrdefs*.h
The standard preprocessor definition to differentiate debug and non-debug
builds is NDEBUG, not DEBUG, so don't rely on the latter:
- just delete the use of it in objint_longlong.c as it has been stale code
for years anyway (since commit [c4029e5]): SUFFIX isn't used anywhere.
- replace DEBUG with MICROPY_DEBUG_NLR in nlr.h: it is rarely used anymore
so can be off by default
This allows the mp_obj_t type to be configured to something other than a
pointer-sized primitive type.
This patch also includes additional changes to allow the code to compile
when sizeof(mp_uint_t) != sizeof(void*), such as using size_t instead of
mp_uint_t, and various casts.
Pushing same NLR record twice would lead to "infinite loop" in nlr_jump
(but more realistically, it will crash as soon as NLR record on stack is
overwritten).
This patch consolidates all global variables in py/ core into one place,
in a global structure. Root pointers are all located together to make
GC tracing easier and more efficient.
Blanket wide to all .c and .h files. Some files originating from ST are
difficult to deal with (license wise) so it was left out of those.
Also merged modpyb.h, modos.h, modstm.h and modtime.h in stmhal/.
Damien George