<chapter id="setup-net"><title>Setting Up Cygwin</title>

<sect1 id="internet-setup">
<title>Internet Setup</title>
<para>To install the Cygwin net release, go to <ulink
url="http://cygwin.com/">http://cygwin.com/</ulink> and click on <ulink
url="http://cygwin.com/setup.exe">"Install Cygwin Now!"</ulink>.  This will
download a GUI installer called <command>setup.exe</command> which can
be run to download a complete cygwin installation via the internet.
Follow the instructions on each screen to install Cygwin.
</para>

<para>
The <command>setup.exe</command> installer is designed to be easy
for new users to understand while remaining flexible for the 
experienced. The volunteer development team is constantly working
on <command>setup.exe</command>; before requesting a new feature,
check the wishlist in the <ulink url="http://sources.redhat.com/cgi-bin/cvsweb.cgi/setup/README?cvsroot=cygwin-apps&amp;rev=2">CVS <literal>README</literal>
</ulink>. It may already be present in the CVS version!
</para>

<para>
Since the default value for each option is the logical choice for
most installations, you can get a working minimal Cygwin environment
installed by simply clicking the <literal>Next</literal> button
at each page. The only exception to this is choosing a Cygwin mirror,
which you can choose by experimenting with those listed at
<ulink url="http://cygwin.com/mirrors.html">
http://cygwin.com/mirrors.html
</ulink>. For more details about each of page of the 
<command>setup.exe</command> installation, read on below.
Please note that this guide assumes that you have a basic understanding
of Unix (or a Unix-like OS). If you are new to Unix, you will also want 
to make use of <ulink url="http://www.google.com/search?q=new+to+unix">
other resources</ulink>.
</para>

<sect2><title>Download Source</title>
<para>
Cygwin uses packages to manage installing various software. When
the default <literal>Install from Internet</literal> option is chosen,
<command>setup.exe</command> creates a local directory to store
the packages before actually installing the contents. 
<literal>Download from Internet</literal> performs only the first
part (storing the packages locally), while 
<literal>Install from Local Directory</literal> performs only the 
second (installing the contents of the packages). 
</para>
<para>
The <literal>Download from Internet</literal> option is mainly
for creating a base Cygwin package tree on one computer for 
installation on several machines with 
<literal>Install from Local Directory</literal>; copy the
entire local package tree to another machine with the directory
tree intact. For example, you might create a <literal>C:\cache\</literal>
directory and place <command>setup.exe</command> in it. Run 
<command>setup.exe</command> to <literal>Install from Internet</literal>
or <literal>Download from Internet</literal>, then copy the whole
<literal>C:\cache\</literal> to each machine and instead choose
<literal>Install from Local Directory</literal>. Unfortunately
<command>setup.exe</command> does not yet support unattended installs.
</para>
<para>
Though this provides some basic mirroring functionality, if you
are managing a wide Cygwin installation, to keep up to date we recommend 
using a mirroring tool such as <command>wget</command>. A helpful user on 
the Cygwin mailing list created a simple demonstration script to accomplish
this; search the list for <command>mkcygwget</command> for ideas.
</para>
</sect2>

<sect2><title>Selecting an Install Directory</title>
<para>
The <literal>Root Directory</literal> for Cygwin (default
<literal>C:\cygwin</literal>) will become <literal>/</literal> 
within your Cygwin installation. You must have write access to
the parent directory, and any ACLs on the parent directory will
determine access to installed files.
</para>
<para>
The <literal>Install For</literal> options of <literal>All Users</literal> 
or <literal>Just Me</literal> should always be left on the default
<literal>All Users</literal>, unless you do not have write access to 
<literal>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE</literal> in the registry or the All Users 
Start Menu. This is true  even if you are the only user planning to use Cygwin 
on the machine.  Selecting <literal>Just Me</literal> will cause problems 
for programs such as <command>crond</command> and <command>sshd</command>.
If you do not have the necessary permissions, but still want to use these
programs, consult the Cygwin mailing list archives about others' experiences.

</para>
<para>
The <literal>Default Text File Type</literal> should be left on
<literal>Unix</literal> (that is, <literal>\n</literal>) unless you
have a very good reason to switch it to 
<literal>DOS</literal> (that is, <literal>\r\n</literal>).
</para>
</sect2>

<sect2><title>Local Package Directory</title>
<para>
The <literal>Local Package Directory</literal> is the cache where 
<command>setup.exe</command> stores the packages before they are
installed. The cache must not be the same folder as the Cygwin
root. Within the cache, a separate directory is created for each
Cygwin mirror, which allows <command>setup.exe</command> to use 
multiple mirrors and custom packages. After installing Cygwin,
the cache is no longer necessary, but you may want to retain the
packages as backups, for installing Cygwin to another system,
or in case you need to reinstall a package.
</para>
</sect2>

<sect2><title>Connection Method</title>
<para>
The <literal>Direct Connection</literal> method of downloading will 
directly download the packages, while the IE5 method will leverage your 
IE5 cache for performance. If your organisation uses a proxy server or
auto-configuration scripts, the IE5 method also uses these settings.
If you have a proxy server, you can manually type it into 
the <literal>Use Proxy</literal> section. Unfortunately, 
<command>setup.exe</command> does not currently support password
authorization for proxy servers.
</para>
</sect2>

<sect2><title>Choosing Mirrors</title>
<para>
Since there is no way of knowing from where you will be downloading
Cygwin, you need to choose at least one mirror site.  Cygwin mirrors 
are geographically distributed around the world; check the list at <ulink 
url="http://cygwin.com/mirrors.html">http://cygwin.com/mirrors.html</ulink>
to find one near you. You can select multiple mirrors by holding down
<literal>CTRL</literal> and clicking on each one. If you have the URL of 
an unlisted mirror (for example, if your organization has an internal Cygwin 
mirror) you can add it.
</para>
</sect2>

<sect2><title>Choosing Packages</title>
<para>
For each selected mirror site, <command>setup.exe</command> downloads a 
small text file called <literal>setup.bz2</literal> that contains a list
of packages available from that site along with some basic information about
each package which <command>setup.exe</command> parses and uses to create the 
chooser window. For details about the format of this file, see 
the <ulink url="http://sources.redhat.com/cygwin-apps/setup.html">
setup.exe homepage</ulink>.
</para>
<para>
The chooser is the most complex part of <command>setup.exe</command>. 
Packages are grouped into categories, and one package may belong to multiple 
categories (assigned by the volunteer package maintainer). Each package
can be found under any of those categories in the heirarchial chooser view.
By default <command>setup.exe</command>
will install only the packages in the <literal>Base</literal> category
and their dependencies, resulting in a minimal Cygwin installation.
However, this will not include many commonly used tools such as 
<command>gcc</command> (which you will find in the <literal>Devel</literal> 
category).  Since <command>setup.exe</command> automatically selects
dependencies, be careful not to unselect any required packages. In 
particular, everything in the <literal>Base</literal> category is
required.
</para>
<para>
You can change <command>setup.exe</command>'s view style, which is helpful
if you know the name of a package you want to install but not which 
category it is in. 
Click on the <literal>View</literal> button and it will rotate between 
<literal>Category</literal> (the default), <literal>Full</literal> (all 
packages), and <literal>Partial</literal> (only packages to be upgraded).
If you are familiar with Unix, you will probably want to at least glance 
through the <literal>Full</literal> listing for your favorite tools.
</para>
<para>
Once you have an existing Cygwin installation, the <command>setup.exe</command>
chooser is also used to manage your Cygwin installation. 
Information on installed packages is kept in the
<literal>/etc/setup/</literal> directory of your Cygwin installation; if 
<command>setup.exe</command> cannot find this directory it will act just like
you had no Cygwin installation.  If <command>setup.exe</command>
finds a newer version of an installed package available, it will automatically 
mark it to be upgraded. 
To <literal>Uninstall</literal>, <literal>Reinstall</literal>, or get the
<literal>Source</literal> for an existing package, click on 
<literal>Keep</literal> to toggle it. 
Also, to avoid the need to reboot after upgrading, make sure
to close all Cygwin windows and stop all Cygwin processes before 
<command>setup.exe</command> begins to install the upgraded package.
</para>
<para>
The final feature of the <command>setup.exe</command> chooser is for
<literal>Previous</literal> and <literal>Experimental</literal> packages.
By default the chooser shows only the current version of each package,
though mirrors have at least one previous version and occasionally there
is a testing or beta version of a package available. To see these package,
click on the <literal>Prev</literal> or <literal>Exp</literal> radio button.
Be warned, however, that the next time you run <command>setup.exe</command> 
it will try to replace old or experimental versions with the current
stable version. 
</para>
</sect2>

<sect2><title>Download and Installation Progress</title>
<para>
First, <command>setup.exe</command> will download all selected packages
to the local directory chosen earlier. Before installing, 
<command>setup.exe</command> performs a checksum on each package. If the
local directory is a slow medium (such as a network drive) this can take
a long time. During the download and installation, <command>setup.exe</command>
show progress bars for the current task and total remaining disk space.
</para>
</sect2>

<sect2><title>Icons</title>
<para>
You may choose to install shortcuts on the Desktop and/or Start Menu
to start a <literal>bash</literal> shell. If you prefer to use a different
shell or the native Windows version of <literal>rxvt</literal>, you can
use these shortcuts as a guide to creating your own. 
</para>
</sect2>

<sect2><title>Post-Install Scripts</title>
<para>
Last of all, <command>setup.exe</command> will run any post-install
scripts to finish correctly setting up installed packages. Since each
script is run separately, several windows may pop up. If you are 
interested in what is being done, see the Cygwin Package Contributor's
Guide at <ulink 
url="http://cygwin.com/setup.html">http://cygwin.com/setup.html</ulink>
When the last post-install script is completed, <command>setup.exe</command> 
will display a box announcing the completion. A few packages, such as
the OpenSSH server, require some manual site-specific configuration. 
Relevant documentation can be found in the <literal>/usr/doc/Cygwin/</literal> 
or <literal>/usr/share/doc/Cygwin/</literal> directory.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2><title>Troubleshooting</title>
<para>
Unfortunately, the complex setup process means that odd problems can
occur. If you're having trouble downloading packages, it may be network
congestion, so try a different mirror and/or a different protocol (i.e.,
HTTP instead of FTP).  If you notice something is not working after
running setup, you can check the <command>setup.exe</command> log file
at <literal>/var/log/setup.log.full</literal>. Make a backup of this
file before running <command>setup.exe</command> again, and follow the
steps for <ulink url="http://cygwin.com/problems.html">Reporting
Problems with Cygwin</ulink>.
</para>
</sect2>

</sect1>

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</chapter>
