diff --git a/include/cmemlink.h b/include/cmemlink.h
index d6dbb58..066b860 100644
--- a/include/cmemlink.h
+++ b/include/cmemlink.h
@@ -51,12 +51,12 @@ public:
     inline		cmemlink (void)				: m_Data (NULL), m_Size (0) { }
     inline		cmemlink (const void* p, size_type n)	: m_Data (const_pointer(p)), m_Size (n) { assert (p || !n); }
     inline		cmemlink (const cmemlink& l)		: m_Data (l.m_Data), m_Size (l.m_Size) {}
-    inline virtual     ~cmemlink (void) noexcept			{}
+    inline      ~cmemlink (void) noexcept			{}
     void		link (const void* p, size_type n);
     inline void		link (const cmemlink& l)	{ link (l.begin(), l.size()); }
     inline void		link (const void* first, const void* last)	{ link (first, distance (first, last)); }
     inline void		relink (const void* p, size_type n);
-    virtual void	unlink (void) noexcept		{ m_Data = NULL; m_Size = 0; }
+     void	unlink (void) noexcept		{ m_Data = NULL; m_Size = 0; }
     inline rcself_t	operator= (const cmemlink& l)	{ link (l); return (*this); }
     bool		operator== (const cmemlink& l) const noexcept;
     inline void		swap (cmemlink& l)		{ ::ustl::swap (m_Data, l.m_Data); ::ustl::swap (m_Size, l.m_Size); }
diff --git a/include/memblock.h b/include/memblock.h
index d9a64e8..39b8337 100644
--- a/include/memblock.h
+++ b/include/memblock.h
@@ -26,8 +26,8 @@ public:
     explicit			memblock (const cmemlink& b);
     explicit			memblock (const memlink& b);
 				memblock (const memblock& b);
-    virtual			~memblock (void) noexcept;
-    virtual void		unlink (void) noexcept;
+    			~memblock (void) noexcept;
+    void		unlink (void) noexcept;
     inline void			assign (const cmemlink& l)	{ assign (l.cdata(), l.readable_size()); }
     inline const memblock&	operator= (const cmemlink& l)	{ assign (l); return (*this); }
     inline const memblock&	operator= (const memlink& l)	{ assign (l); return (*this); }
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ public:
     inline void			swap (memblock&& l)		{ memlink::swap (l); ::ustl::swap (m_Capacity, l.m_Capacity); }
 #endif
 protected:
-    virtual size_type		minimumFreeCapacity (void) const noexcept __attribute__((const));
+    size_type		minimumFreeCapacity (void) const noexcept __attribute__((const));
 private:
     size_type			m_Capacity;	///< Number of bytes allocated by Resize.
 };
diff --git a/include/mistream.h b/include/mistream.h
index fb8a9cf..a190b1a 100644
--- a/include/mistream.h
+++ b/include/mistream.h
@@ -71,8 +71,8 @@ public:
     inline void		link (const void* f, const void* l)	{ cmemlink::link (f, l); }
     inline void		relink (const void* p, streamsize n)	{ cmemlink::relink (p, n); m_Pos = 0; }
     inline void		relink (const cmemlink& l)		{ relink (l.cdata(), l.readable_size()); }
-    virtual void	unlink (void) noexcept;
-    inline virtual streamsize	underflow (streamsize = 1)	{ return (remaining()); }
+    void	unlink (void) noexcept;
+    inline streamsize	underflow (streamsize = 1)	{ return (remaining()); }
     inline uoff_t	pos (void) const	{ return (m_Pos); }
     inline const_iterator ipos (void) const	{ return (begin() + pos()); }
     inline streamsize	remaining (void) const	{ return (size() - pos()); }
diff --git a/include/mostream.h b/include/mostream.h
index 935b1de..51b6c37 100644
--- a/include/mostream.h
+++ b/include/mostream.h
@@ -77,8 +77,8 @@ public:
     inline void		swap (ostream& os);
     template <typename T>
     inline void		iwrite (const T& v);
-    inline virtual streamsize	overflow (streamsize = 1){ return (remaining()); }
-    virtual void	unlink (void) noexcept;
+    inline streamsize	overflow (streamsize = 1){ return (remaining()); }
+    void	unlink (void) noexcept;
     inline void		link (void* p, streamsize n)	{ memlink::link (p, n); }
     inline void		link (memlink& l)		{ memlink::link (l.data(), l.writable_size()); }
     inline void		link (void* f, void* l)		{ memlink::link (f, l); }
diff --git a/include/ofstream.h b/include/ofstream.h
index 8046db9..77fc83d 100644
--- a/include/ofstream.h
+++ b/include/ofstream.h
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ public:
 			ofstream (void);
     explicit		ofstream (int Fd);
     explicit		ofstream (const char* filename, openmode mode = out);
-    virtual	       ~ofstream (void) noexcept;
+    	       ~ofstream (void) noexcept;
     inline void		open (const char* filename, openmode mode = out) { m_File.open (filename, mode); clear (m_File.rdstate()); }
     void		close (void);
     inline bool		is_open (void) const	{ return (m_File.is_open()); }
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ public:
     inline int		fd (void) const			{ return (m_File.fd()); }
     ofstream&		seekp (off_t p, seekdir d = beg);
     ofstream&		flush (void);
-    virtual size_type	overflow (size_type n = 1);
+    size_type	overflow (size_type n = 1);
 private:
     fstream		m_File;
 };
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ public:
     inline int		fd (void) const			{ return (m_File.fd()); }
     ifstream&		seekg (off_t p, seekdir d = beg);
     int			sync (void);
-    virtual size_type	underflow (size_type n = 1);
+    size_type	underflow (size_type n = 1);
 private:
     string		m_Buffer;
     fstream		m_File;
diff --git a/include/sostream.h b/include/sostream.h
index ec99338..e1e035b 100644
--- a/include/sostream.h
+++ b/include/sostream.h
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ public:
     inline ostringstream&	write (const cmemlink& buf)	{ return (write (buf.begin(), buf.size())); }
     inline ostringstream&	seekp (off_t p, seekdir d =beg)	{ ostream::seekp(p,d); return (*this); }
     ostringstream&		flush (void)			{ m_Buffer.resize (pos()); return (*this); }
-    virtual size_type		overflow (size_type n = 1);
+    size_type		overflow (size_type n = 1);
 protected:
     inline void			reserve (size_type n)		{ m_Buffer.reserve (n, false); }
     inline size_type		capacity (void) const		{ return (m_Buffer.capacity()); }
diff --git a/include/typeinfo.h b/include/typeinfo.h
index 6ba868e..a1bcce2 100644
--- a/include/typeinfo.h
+++ b/include/typeinfo.h
@@ -13,15 +13,15 @@ namespace __cxxabiv1 { class __class_type_info; }
 namespace std {
 class type_info {
 public:
-    inline virtual	~type_info (void)			{ }
+    inline 	~type_info (void)			{ }
     inline const char*	name (void) const			{ return (__name[0] == '*' ? __name + 1 : __name); }
     inline bool		before (const type_info& v) const	{ return (__name < v.__name); }
     inline bool		operator==(const type_info& v) const	{ return (__name == v.__name); }
     inline bool		operator!=(const type_info& v) const	{ return (!operator==(v)); }
-    virtual bool	__is_pointer_p (void) const;
-    virtual bool	__is_function_p (void) const;
-    virtual bool	__do_catch (const type_info* __thr_type, void** __thr_obj, unsigned __outer) const;
-    virtual bool	__do_upcast (const __cxxabiv1::__class_type_info* __target, void** __obj_ptr) const;
+     bool	__is_pointer_p (void) const;
+     bool	__is_function_p (void) const;
+     bool	__do_catch (const type_info* __thr_type, void** __thr_obj, unsigned __outer) const;
+     bool	__do_upcast (const __cxxabiv1::__class_type_info* __target, void** __obj_ptr) const;
     explicit inline	type_info (const char* newname)		: __name(newname) { }
 private:
     inline void		operator= (const type_info&)		{ }
diff --git a/include/ustring.h b/include/ustring.h
index d8b35a0..4332574 100644
--- a/include/ustring.h
+++ b/include/ustring.h
@@ -3,10 +3,6 @@
 // Copyright (c) 2005 by Mike Sharov <msharov@users.sourceforge.net>
 // This file is free software, distributed under the MIT License.
 
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-extern "C" {
-#endif
-
 #pragma once
 #include "memblock.h"
 #include "utf8.h"
@@ -221,7 +217,7 @@ public:
     inline string&		replace (const_iterator first, const_iterator last, initlist_t v)	{ return (replace (first, last, v.begin(), v.end())); }
 #endif
 protected:
-    virtual size_type		minimumFreeCapacity (void) const noexcept __attribute__((const));
+    size_type		minimumFreeCapacity (void) const noexcept __attribute__((const));
 };
 
 //----------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -310,7 +306,3 @@ inline hashvalue_t hash_value (const char* v)
 //----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 } // namespace ustl
-
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-}
-#endif